How to calculate 31 multiplied by 21 using long multiplication

How to calculate 31 multiplied by 21

How to calculate 31 multiplied by 21 using long multiplication. Here is step-by-step how to calculate 31 times 21 using long multiplication:

Step 1: Setup
Set up your multiplication problem like this:

	3	1
x	2	1

Step 2: Multiply
1 x 1 = 1. Put 1 below the line and 0 as a reminder on top:

	0
	3	1
x	2	1
		1

Step 3: Multiply
1 x 3 = 3. Take 3 and add 0 from the previous step to get 3. Enter 3 at the bottom:

	3	1
x	2	1
	3	1

Step 4: Add 0
Enter a 0 at the bottom right as a place holder, because you now move over one digit:

	3	1
x	2	1
	3	1
+		0

Step 5: Multiply
2 x 1 = 2. Put 2 below the line and 0 as a reminder on top:

	0
	3	1
x	2	1
	3	1
+	2	0

Step 6: Multiply
2 x 3 = 6. Take 6 and add 0 from the previous step to get 6. Enter 6 at the bottom:

		3	1
x		2	1
		3	1
+	6	2	0

Step 7: Add to get answer
Add up the bottom two numbers (31 + 620 = 651) to get the answer:

		3	1
x		2	1
		3	1
+	6	2	0
=	6	5	1

The bottom line is the answer. Therefore, 31 times 21 equals:

651

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How to calculate 32 multiplied by 21
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